
Who Goes There?
Karl Edward Wagner was born in 1945 and died in 1994, after many years of heavy drinking. He was one of the unsung heroes of both horror and heroic fantasy writing, being one of the most talented successors to Robert E. Howard. He was not a very prolific writer; his last novel, Killer, came out in 1985, co-written with fellow weird writer (and military SF pioneer) David Drake. I could go on a bit more, but I’ll let Wagner speak for himself, as he says in his introduction to today’s story:
I got into this game too late to write for Weird Tales. […] Started writing around 1960, finally got to the point where I was spending more energy writing and reading in the sf/fantasy genre than I was giving to my medical studies (at the university of North Carolina). Encouraged by a couple book sales, I broke away to write full-time. Friends have called my approach “acid gothic.” Maybe so—this story is gothic or schizophrenic as you see it.
“In the Pines” is indeed a gothic horror story without the castle, being in one way an old-fashioned ghost story but with touches that only someone of Wagner’s disposition could add. It’s a morality tale about alcoholism, forgiveness (or lack of it), and misogyny, so there’s a fair bit to unpack here. This was, as far as I can tell, Wagner’s only appearance in F&SF. He mostly stuck to fanzines and semi-pros.
Placing Coordinates
First published in the August 1973 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction. It’s been reprinted in The Mammoth Book of Ghost Stories (ed. Richard Dalby), Summer Chills: Strangers in Strange Lands (ed. Stephen Jones), and the Wagner collections In a Lonely Place and Karl Edward Wagner: Masters of the Weird Tale.
Enhancing Image
Gerry and his wife Janet are on vacation, or rather a retreat, having ventured to a cabin in the woods (it wasn’t as stereotypical in horror writing then) called The Crow’s Nest, “a typical mountain cabin from the early ’20s, days when this had been a major resort area.” Neither wants to say it, but their marriage is on the skids, a year after Janet had gotten into a car accident with their son in the passenger seat. The young boy had not survived. With the death of his son and subsequent loss of his job, Gerry’s life seems to be tumbling downhill in slow-motion, not helped by Janet’s self-pitying attitude. Neither of them has gotten passed their little family tragedy, but maybe a change of scenery will do the trick. (It won’t.) Immediately we’re greet with what would’ve been a familiar premise even in the early ’70s, although it must be said that there’s a reason this premise continues to be done in some variation to this day. I do have to wonder if Stephen King read “In the Pines” back in the day, as he probably did. The similarities between “In the Pines” and The Shining are a bit hard to ignore with hindsight, what with a couple moving to a secluded resort location in the wake of something involving the child son causing a rift in the family dynamic (although, of course, Danny in The Shining is very much alive) and the husband struggling with alcoholism. Gerry, like his creator, drinks too much, although it doesn’t occur to him until deeper into the story that this is a bad idea. And of course there’s gonna be a ghost at work, as there should be.
I should probably also mention that yes, the title is a reference to a very old and well-known folk song, nonetheless one whose title is not consistent and whose author is unknown. Sometimes it’s called “In the Pines,” or “My Girl,” or as fans of Nirvana would know it, “Where Did You Sleep Last Night.” It’s a fittingly eerie tune, about a jealous lover, and it and Wagner both evoke a kind of rustic disquiet—a sort of redneck horror, if you will. In his introduction Wagner says his horror has been called acid gothic, but in the case of “In the Pines” it’d be more accurate to call it Southern gothic, or rural gothic. The hallucinatory aspect is downplayed here; it’s certainly more grounded to reality than another Wagner horror story I’ve read, “Endless Night,” which borders on being a prose poem. “In the Pines” is much more psychological, as befits the gothic tradition, and truth be told the supernatural element is, for my money, the least interesting and most problematic part of it. But we’ll get to that soon. Gerry is very much an anti-hero, and we’re stuck with him; the best thing that can be said about him is that he is a genuinely lonely person. If Gerry and Janet could have an honest conversation, or even separate amicably, things probably would work out for each of them—but then we wouldn’t have a story. The plot kicks in proper when Gerry finds a portrait, which in itself is not special (the cabin has several), except for the woman who was painted. The woman depicted seems to be from the ’20s, but the portrait was done in 1951, the woman seemingly being named “Renee” and the painter being one “E. Pittman.” Here we have three very different periods in time (the early ’20s, the early ’50s, and presumably the early ’70s) colliding in a way Gerry could not have expected, but perhaps against his better judgment he becomes obsessed with the portrait, and especially the woman.
This is a ghost story, but like most ghost stories it’s also a mystery of sorts, with Gerry retracing historical steps, doing some digging and finding out what had happened to Renee and Pittman. He asks a local shopkeeper about The Crow’s Nest, and the man says the cabin is not haunted but “unlucky.” Back in the ’20s Renee’s husband had caught her with another man and had presumably killed her, the problem being nobody ever found the body. Doesn’t matter. Not long after Renee’s disappearance both the husband and boyfriend died, under rather odd circumstances, the husband in a horrific car accident that basically decapitated him while the boyfriend got mauled by a bear while in the woods one night. Supposedly. In both cases there was a strangely little amount of blood involved for how gruesome the deaths were, as if someone had sucked out much of the blood from these men’s bodies. Pittman himself would commit suicide years later, in The Crow’s Nest, not long after having done Renee’s portrait, having apparently cut his own throat—the only problem being that his throat had been torn open, not cut. This last detail goes over Gerry’s head. What does become clear to him is that Pittman had seen Renee’s ghost, as he notes in his final diary entries, and by this point Gerry has already seen Renee in the cabin for the first time, although at first he thinks it’s just some optical trickery from having gazed at her portrait for too long. It’s ambiguous at first as to whether there is a ghost at work (think about how we usually never see Henry James’s ghosts, for example), but it soon becomes apparent that The Crow’s Nest is super-fucking-haunted. Not that this helps much, as Gerry only becomes more obsessed and his marriage deterioates.
Ostensibly the malign force here is Renee, who seemed to have killed both her husband and secret lover from beyond the grave, as well as Pittman despite the artist never having earned her scorn as far as we know, but the real (or at least more believable) villain is Gerry’s alcoholism. He goes through Scotch almost like it’s water over the course of the story, to the point where by the end he realizes he’s about to run out of it well in advance of when they’re supposed to leave the cabin. He realizes that he has fallen out of love with Janet, but is unwilling or unable to say anything civil that could lead to them separating peacefully. Then again, is the drinking the one thing keeping him back from voicing his discontent, or is it the main thing driving their marriage into the dirt? “This Scotch was the only thing that held their marriage together—made this situation tolerable.” So he thinks. But Gerry is a pretty unreliable protagonist. He’s also obviously not thinking clearly, because if he was then he would’ve either stopped fussing about the portrait or had the two of them leave the cabin early. Horror stories tend to be implicitly conservative in the sense that a message shared among many of them is that there are things we’re better off not knowing. Lovecraft did this to perfection in his best stories, but it’s a notion that’s very much pre-Lovecraft, indeed going back to the original wave of gothic literature. Wagner knows his horror history, even calling out Oliver Onions’s “The Beckoning Fair One” at one point, so he knows he’s working with some basic ideas of the genre. It’s the intensity, both the psychological intensity and the overbearing atmosphere of the pines, of the story that really drives it. And, it must be said, Wagner can be a bit of a poet; not all of his lines are bangers, but he’s a more graceful stylist than most.
There Be Spoilers Here
The problem I have with the mystery surrounding Renee is the implication that while sure, she may be an evil ghost now, she was also a real piece of work when she was alive. Gerry consults an elderly local priest, who in turn tells him to drop the whole thing, on account of Renee having been quite a bitch in life and only getting worse after she died. Gerry’s growing resentment of Janet and objectification of Renee (he claims to be falling in love with her despite the fact that she’s dead and also the fact that they’ve only talked in Gerry’s dreams so far) are clearly byproducts of an unspoken and unacknowledged misogyny in Gerry, but this is undercut by Renee being a malicious temptress, a trope that would’ve been old and a little regressive even in 1973. In a drunken haze Gerry wishes death on Janet, and Renee obliges, before taking Gerry for herself—to the grave. It’s a classic downer of an ending, in which the “hero” has doomed himself and everyone close to him, through hubris, through curiosity, and in this case an affliction called alcoholism that has gone untreated. You could say this was all a warning to the curious (sorry, M. R. James), and while it is a bit predictable, it’s still quite affecting in its grimness. It’s hard to not wonder if Wagner saw some of himself in Gerry and was fearful that, as Gerry had succumbed to his drinking, Wagner might succumb to his.
A Step Farther Out
Not my favorite Wagner horror yarn—not even the best one I’ve read recently, which would be the nigh-perfect “Where the Summer Ends.” But “In the Pines” is early Wagner, one of a small deluge of stories he got published in 1973/1974, and he would’ve only been 25 or 26 when he wrote it. Of course, one has to remember that while the skeleton of this story would’ve been nothing new, even at the time, it’s how Wagner puts his own unique touches on it, making a fine addition to a very old family lineage of ghost stories. He would go on to write more impressive tales of terror, but “In the Pines” was one of the first.
See you next time.


